Objective: This study was conducted to analyze the effect of psychoeducation given to adolescents diagnosed with conduct disorder who were receiving treatment at a regional mental hospital for their anger management.
Method: A “Quasi-experimental design with pre-test–post-test control group” model was used for this research. In the first phase of the study, the “State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory” was administered to 34 adolescents aged between 12-18 diagnosed with conduct disorder who were being treated as inpatients at a children and adolescent psychiatry department of a regional mental hospital. In the second phase, 16 adolescents diagnosed with anger management problems according to the same scale were divided into two equal groups: an intervention group and a control group. Eight adolescents from the intervention group who accepted to take part in the research were included in a 6-session Anger Management Education Program, which was prepared by a researcher and scheduled once a week. During this period, the 8 adolescents in the control group only received medical treatment; no other form of intervention was applied. After completing the psychoeducation program, the “State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory” was administered again as a post-test to individuals in both the intervention and the control group. Frequency-percentage distribution was used for the assessment of the research data and the t-test was used for paired comparison.
Results: Our study found that post-education test score means for all the scales (State-Trait Anger, Anger-In, Anger-Out, Anger control) were significantly different from pre-test score means in the intervention group. In the control group however, the State-Trait Anger scale score means were different from pre-test following education, but it was detected that anger sub scale score means were not different from pre-test.
Conclusion: It is thought that the application of an Anger Management Education Program to adolescents with conduct disorder has positive effects on the adolescents’ state-trait anger. Positive changes in the anger scores of the adolescents in the control group are thought to be a result of the drug treatment applied.
Amaç: Bu çalışma, bir bölge psikiyatri hastanesinde tedavi gören davranım bozukluğu tanılı ergenlere uygulanan psikoeğitimin öfke yönetimine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Araştırma, “ön-test, son-test, kontrol gruplu, yarı deneysel desende” yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın ilk aşamasında bir bölge psikiyatri hastanesinin çocuk ve ergen psikiyatri yataklı birimlerinde yatışı yapılarak tedavi olan davranım bozukluğu tanılı 12-18 yaş arası 34 ergene “Sürekli Öfke - Öfke Tarz Ölçeği” uygulanmıştır. İkinci aşamada ise, ölçeğe göre öfke kontrol problemi olan 16 ergenden (8 uygulama-8 kontrol grubu) uygulama grubundaki 8’ine, haftada bir kez olmak üzere araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan 6 oturumluk psikoeğitim (Öfke Yönetimi Eğitim Programı) uygulanmıştır. Bu süreçte kontrol grubundaki 8 ergene ilaç tedavisi dışında herhangi bir müdahale yapılmamıştır. Eğitim programından sonra, uygulama ve kontrol grubundaki bireylere “Sürekli Öfke - Öfke Tarz Ölçeği” son test olarak tekrar uygulanmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin değerlendirilmesinde sayı-yüzde dağılımı ve ikili karşılaştırmalar için t-testi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Araştırma sonucunda; Öfke Yönetimi Eğitim Programı ile uygulama grubunda, eğitim sonrası tüm ölçek (Sürekli Öfke, Öfke İçte, Öfke Dışta, Kontrol Altına Alınmış Öfke) puan ortalamalarının öncesine göre anlamlı ölçüde değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Kontrol grubunda ise, eğitim sonrası Sürekli Öfke ölçek puan ortalamaları öncesine göre farklılık gösterirken; Öfke Tarz alt ölçek puan ortalamalarının eğitim öncesine göre değişmediği belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Davranım bozukluğu tanılı ergenlere uygulanan psikoeğitim (Öfke Yönetimi Eğitim Programı) ergenlerin Sürekli Öfke ve Öfke İfade Tarzları üzerine olumlu yönde etkili olmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra, kontrol grubunda yer alan ergenlerin sadece Sürekli Öfke puanlarında görülen olumlu yöndeki değişimin, uygulanan ilaç tedavisinin bir sonucu olduğu düşünülmektedir.
REFERENCES
1. Green M, Palfrey JS, eds. 2002. Bright Futures: Guidelines for Health Supervision of Infants, Children, and Adolescents (2nd ed., rev.). Arlington, VA: National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health. https://www.brightfutures.org/bf2/pdf. Accessed March 15, 2016.
2. Boyacioglu EN, Kucuk L. How do irrational beliefs affect test anxiety during adolescence? Journal of Psychiatric Nursing 2011; 2:40-45. (Turkish)
3. Ozden A, Erman O, Erman H, Canat S, Ortaer N, Ergun U, Devrimci H. A comparative study between conduct disorder patients from two centers in Turkey and the USA. Turkish Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health 1995; 2:125-130.
4. Collishaw S, Maughan B, Goodman R, Pickles A. Time trends in adolescent mental health. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2004; 45:1350-1362.
[CrossRef]
5. Frick PJ. Current research on conduct disorder in children and adolescents. S Afr J Psychol 2016; 46:160-174.
[CrossRef]
6. Siyez DM, Tuna DT. Effect of solution focused programme on adolescents’ anger control and communication skills. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal 2014; 5:11-22.
7. Tafrate RC, Kassinove H, Dundin L. Anger episodes in high- and low-trait-anger community adults. J Clin Psychol 2002; 58:1573-1590.
[CrossRef]
8. Singh NN, Lancioni GE, Singh-Joy SD, Winton ASW, Sabaawi M, Wahler RG, Singh J. Adolescents with conduct disorder can be mindful of their aggressive behavior. J Emot Behav Disord 2007; 15:56-63.
[CrossRef]
9. Tasci-Eser D, Ustun B. Examining the mode of anger expression in adolescents with psychiatric disorders and their parents. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing 2011; 2:111-116.
10. Bozkurt S, Cam O. Investigation of the relationship between anger components and mental symptoms in working adolescents. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2010; 47:105-110.
11. Herrmann DS, McWhirter JJ. Anger and aggression management in young adolescents: an experimental validation of the scare program. Educ Treat Children 2003; 26:273-302.
12. Nelson WM, Finch AJ, Ghee AC. Anger management with children and adolescents: In Kendal PC (editor). Child and Adolescent Therapy Cognitive-Behavioral Procedures, 2006, 114-159.
13. Thomas SP. Teaching healthy anger management. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2001; 37:41-48.
[CrossRef]
14. Spielberger CD, Jacobs G, Russel FS, Crane RS. Assessment of anger: the state-trait anger scale. In: Butcher JN, Spielberger CD (ed.), Advances in Personality Assessment, vol. 2. Hillsdale, NJ/ABD: Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates; 1983: 159-160.
15. Ozer AK. Anger and anger expression scales preliminary study. Turkish Journal of Psychology 1994; 9: 26-35.
16. Dangel RF, Deschner JP, Rasp RR. Anger control training for adolescents in residential treatment. Behav Modif 1989; 13:447-458.
[CrossRef]
17. Gebes H. The effect of peer supported anger management training program on anger management skills of high school students. Unpublished master’s thesis, Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences, Adana, 2011. (Turkish)
18. Canpolat M, Atici M. The Effect of Anger Control Program Secondary School Students’ Anger Control. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal 2017; 7:87-98. (Turkish)
19. Bulut-Serin N, Genc H. The effects of anger management education on the anger management skills of adolescents. Education and Science 2011; 36:236-254. (Turkish)
20. Sukhodolsky DG, Kassinove H, Gorman BS. Cognitive behavioural therapy for anger in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Aggress Violent Behav 2004; 9:247-269.
[CrossRef]
21. Kizmaz Z. Educational level and crime: a sociological research on the relation between school and crime. Firat University Journal of Social Science 2004; 14:291-319. (Turkish)
22. Tasci-Eser D, Ustun B. Examining the Mode of Anger Expression in Adolescents with Psychiatric Disorders and their Parents. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing 2011; 2:111-116. (Turkish)
23. Deffenbacher JL, Lynch RS, Oetting ER, Kemper CC. Anger reduction in early adolescents. J Couns Psychol 1996; 43:149-157.
[CrossRef]
24. Oz FS, Aysan F. The effect of anger management training on anger coping and communication skills of adolescents. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences 2011; 3:343-369.
25. Snyder KV, Kymissis P, Kessler K. Anger management for adolescents: efficacy of brief group therapy. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1999; 38:1409-1416.
[CrossRef]
26. Feindler EL, Marriott SA, Iwata MM. Group anger control training for junior high school delinquents. Cognit Ther Res 1984; 8:299-311.
[CrossRef]
27. Adana F, Arslantas H. Anger in Adolescence, and School Nurse’s Role in Management of Anger. Meandros Medical and Dental Journal 2011; 12:57-62.